Parametric triggering of vortices in toroidally trapped rotating Bose–Einstein condensates

We study the creation of vortices by triggering rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in a toroidal trap with parameters such as laser beam waist and Gaussian potential depth. By numerically solving time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation two dimensions, we observe change vortex structure considerable increase number when irradiated is consonance area condensate vary computing root mean square radius condensate, confirm variation generated function ratio between root-mean-square waist. In particular, hidden reaches maximum value above close to 0.7. find rapid for deeper potentials, conclude that larger potentials generate more vortices. Further, calculate using Feynman rule Thomas Fermi approximation compare them numerical results. also critical rotation frequency decreases an depth potential.